Ma. Màra (S). Destroyer, Evil One, Devil; murderer, hinderer. disturber destroyer. He is a deva, often represented with a hundred arms and riding on an elephnt. He sends his daughters, or assume monstruous forms or inspires wicked men, to seduce or frighten the saints. He resides with legions of subordinates in the heaven Paranirmita Vasavartin situated on the top of the Kàmadhatu. He is also called Tha hóa tự tại thiên. There are various categories of màras, e.g. ấm ma skandha-màra, dục ma passion-màra, etc.

Ma Ba tuần, thiên ma. Màra-pàpiyàn (S). Lord of the sixth desire-heaven.

Ma chướng. Màra-hindrances.

Ma dân, con cái ma, ma nữ. Màrakàyikas (S). Màra's people or subjects.

Ma duyên. Màra-circumstance, or environment, or conditioning cause. i.e. hindering the good.

Ma đàn. Màra-gifts, in contrast of those of Buddha.

Ma đạo. The màra path or way, i.e. one of the six destinies.

Ma giới. Màra-laws, Màra-rules, i.e. those of monks who seek fame and luxury.

Ma giới. The realm of the màras.

Ma hương. Màra-country, i.e. the world.

Ma lực. Occult force; occult, hidden cause.

Ma nhẫn. Màra-servitude, the condition of those who obey Màra.

Ma nữ. The daughters of Màra, who tempt men to their ruin.

Ma oán. Màra-enmity. Màra the enemy of Buddha.

Ma Phạm. Màra and Brahmà; i.e. Màra, lord of the sixth desire-heaven, and Brahmà, lord of the heaven of form.

Ma phọc (phược). Màra-cords; màra-bonds.

Ma quân. The army of Màra.

Ma quỉ. Devil, evil spirits.

Ma sự. Màra-deeds, especially in hindrering Buddha-truth.

Ma thiên. Màra-deva (S). The god of lust, sin and death.

Ma thiền. Màra-dhyàna (S). Evil thoughts, wrong and harmful meditation.

Ma thuật. Magic, wizardry; black magic, the black art; witchcraft, sorcery.

Ma triền. Xem ma phọc.

Ma võng. The net of Màra.

Ma vương. The king of màras, the lord of the sixth heaven of the desire-realm.

Ma. To feel, handle, rub.

Ma chiết. To pound, pulverize, crush; to undergo difficulties or trials, to go through ordeals. Thiên ma bách chiết, to go through no end of ordeals.

Ma Da. Màya (S). Mother of the Buddha.

Ma di. Xem bản mẫu.

Ma đăng già. Màtangi (S). The low caste woman who inveigled Ananda.

Ma đằng, Ca diếp Ma đằng. Màtanga, Kasyapa Màtanga (S). Name.

Ma đằng già, Màtanga (S). Human being, low caste, elephant.

Ma đỉnh. To lay the hand on the top of the head, a custom of Buddha in teaching his disciples.

Ma hô lạc già. Mahoraga (S). Large bellied; a class of demons shaped like the boa.

Ma ni. Jewel, gem, pearl, precious stone. As wished, or at wish, whoever possesses the pearl receives whatever he desires.

Ma độ la. Mathurà (S). Modern Mutra.

Ma ha. Maha (S). Great.

Ma ha Bà xa Bà đề, Kiều đàm di. Mahàprajàpatì-Gautami (S). The aunt of the Buddha.

Ma ha Bát nhã Ba la mật. Mahà Prajnà Paramita (S)

Ma ha Ca diếp, Đại Ca diếp. Mahàkàsyapa (S). A Brahman of Magadha, disciple of Sàkyamuni; accredited with presiding over the first synod; also with supervising the first compilation of the Buddha's sermons; is reckoned as the first Patriarch.

Ma ha Ca chiên diên. Mahàkàtyàyana (S). One of the principal disciples of Sàkyamuni.

Ma ha Câu hy la. Mahàkausthila (S). One of the princilal disciples of the Buddha.

Ma ha Da na Đề bà. Mahàyànadeva (S). A title of Huyền Trang.

Ma ha diễn. Mahàyàna (S) Great vehicle.

Ma ha Đề bà, Đại thiên. Mahàdeva (S). Name.

Ma ha Kỳ vực. Mahàjìvaka (S). Name.

Ma ha Ma da. Mahàmàyà (S). Mother of Sàkyamùni.

Ma ha Mạn đà la hoa. Mahàmandàrava (S). A large white lotus.

Ma ha Mạn thù sa hoa. Mahàmanjùsakas (S). A red flower yielding the madder (munjeeth of Bengal)

Ma ha Mục kiền liên, Đại mục kiền liên. Mahàmaudgalyàyana (S) One of the ten great disciples of the Buddha.

Ma ha Na man, Đại danh. Mahànàma (S). One of the five first disciples of the Buddha.

Ma ha tát. Mahàsattva (S). Great being, one with great compassion and energy, who brings salvation to all living beings; a Bodhisattva.

Ma ha tát đỏa, Đại chúng sinh. Xem Ma ha tát.

Ma ha Tăng già. Mahàsamga (S)

Ma ha Tăng kỳ bộ. Mahàsàmghika (S). Name of a Buddhist sect. Also Đại chúng bộ.

Ma ha Tăng kỳ luật. The great canon of monastic rules.

Ma ha Tỳ lô giá na. Mahàvairocana (S) The Great Sun-Buddha.

Ma ha tỳ phật lược bột đà, Đại phương quảng giác Phật kinh. Mahàvaipulyabuddha-sùtra (S)

Ma hi đà. Mahendra (S). Name.

Ma hê thủ la thiên. Mahesrava (S). A heaven in the realm of form.

Ma kiệt đà. Maghadha (S). Name of a country.

Ma la. Màra (S). The Evil One, the Death personified, Death. Also Ma vương, tà ma.

Ma lị chi. Màricì (S). Name of a heaven. Also Dương diệm, Ma lị chi thiên.

Ma lị chi thiên đà la ni kinh. Màricì-dhàrani (S). Sùtra.

Ma na đóa. Manatà (S). Xem duyệt ý.

Ma na tư Long vương. Manàsvin-nàga-ràja (S). Name of a Dragon-King.

Ma nô ma. Manomayakàya (S). Body formed by the magic power of the mind. Also Ý sinh thân, Ý thành thân.

Ma vương. Xem Ma la.

Mã. Asva (S). A horse; a stallion; one of the seven treasures of a sovereign.

Mã âm tàng. A retractable penis; e.g. that of the horse, one of the thirty two signs of Buddha.

Mã đầu la sát. The horse-head ràksasa in Hades.

Mã đầu Quán âm. Hayagriva (S). The horse-head Quán âm, in awe-inspiring attitude towards evil spirit.

Mã mạch. Horse grain, Buddha's food when he spent three months with the Brahmin ruler Agnidatta with 500 monks, one of his ten sufferings.

Mã Minh. Asvaghosa (S). The famous writer of Đại thừa khởi tín luận, Mahàyàna-sraddhotpàda-sàstra.

Mã não. Agate.

Mã thắng, mã sư. Asvajit (S). Horse-breaker, horse-master. One of the first five disciples of the Buddha.

Mã tổ. Ma-tsu (C). Baso (J).Founder of the Southern Peak school of the Thiền, or Intuitional sect in Giang Tây, known as Giang Tây Đạo Nhất.

Mã tự. Asvamedha (S). Name of a Buddhist sect.

Mã uyển. The horse-park, i.e. Bạch mã tự, the White Horse Monastery at Lạc Dương in the Hậu Hán dynasty, where the first missionaries dwelt.

Mạn. Màna (S). Pride, arrogance, self-conceit, looking down on others, supercilious.

Mạn đà la. Mandala (S). A symbolic geometrical diagram wherein deities are invoked. The threefold mandala is dedicated to the spiritual forces presiding over, or manifesting through the body, the speech, and the mind of man. Magical circle.

Mạn kết. The bondage of pride.

Mạn kiến. Pride, regarding oneself as superior, one of the ten wrong views.

Mạn khanh. The pit, or pitfall of pride.

Mạn sơn. Pride as high as a mountain.

Mạn sử. The messenger, or lictor of pride.

Mạn tưởng. Proud, arrogant thoughts

Mạn tràng. Pride as a banner rearing itself aloaf.

Mạn nghiệp. Pride as a karma.

Mãn. Pùrna (S). Full, whole, complete.

Mãn nguyệt tôn. The full moon honoured one, Buddha.

Mãn phần giới. The whole commandments, i.e. of the monk.

Mãn quả. The fruit, or karma which fills out the details of any incarnation, as distinguished from dẫn nghiệp which determines the type, e.g. man, animal, etc., of that incarnation.

Mãn nghiệp. Xem mãn quả.

Mãn tọa. A complete or full assembly; also the last day of the general assembly.

Mãn thành. Fully complete, perfect.

Mãn tự. The complete word, i.e. Mahàyàna, as compared with bán tự, half word or incomplete word of Hìnayàna.

Mãn tự giáo. The Mahàyàna or greater vehicle.

Mạt. Branch, twig; end; dust; not.

Mạt điền đề. Madhyàntika (S). Name. Also Mạt điền để ca, Trung nhật Trung.

Mạt già, Đạo. Marga (S). Track, path, way, the way.

Mạt già lê Câu xá la tử. Maskarin Gosàliputra (S). A heretical teacher.

Mạt lỵ Mallikà (S). Queen Mallikà.

Mạt na, Ý. Manas, mana, mano (S). Intellectual functioning of consciousness.

Mạt na thức. Mananavijnànam (S). The seventh consciousness.

Mạt ni, ma ni. Mani (S). A jewel, a crystal, a pearl, symbol of purity.

Mạt nô sa. Manusyà (S). Men, humen.

Mạt pháp. Pascimadharma (S). Period of degeneration and extinction of the Buddha Law.

Mạt thế. The third and last period of a Buddha-kalpa.

Mặc sấn. Brahmadanda (S). A punishment by stopping all communications with others. Also phạm đàn.

Mặc chiếu, mặc khải. To reveal, disclose.

Mặc hứa. To agree, consent tacitly.

Mặc nhận. To recognize tacitly.

Mặc nhiên. Tacitly.

Mặc tưởng. To meditate, to muse upon sth. Trầm tư mặc tưởng. To be in a brown study; to be lost in thought.

Mắt. Caksu (S). Eye.

Mắt trần. Màmsacaksu (S). Human eye, physical eye. Also nhục nhãn, mắt thịt.

Mật. Closed in; close together; intimate; quiet. still; secret, occult, esoteric; fine, small; contrasted with hiển open, exoteric.

Mật ấn. The esoteric digital sign of a Buddha or bodhisattva indicative of his vow.

Mật cơ. The motive power, or fundamental element in the esoteric.

Mật chấp. Abhinivesasamdhi (S). Solid attachment. Also chấp chặt.

Mật chú. Dhàrani (S). A dhàrani, or esoteric incantation. Magical formula. Also tổng trì.

Mật giáo. Tantra (S). Esoteric teaching. Tantrism.

Mật hạnh. Esoteric practice, or discipline.

Mật hiệu. The esoteric name of Vairocana; also any "true words" or esoteric spells.

Mật kinh. The foundation texts of the esoteric school, i.e. the Đại nhật kinh and Kim cương đỉnh kinh and various sùtras.

Mật lâm sơn bộ. Sannagarika (S). A Buddhist sect. Also Sa na lị ca.

Mật nghĩa. Esoteric meaning, or doctrine.

Mật nghiêm quốc. The Pure Land of Vairocana.

Mật ngữ. Occult or esoteric expressions.

Mật nhân. The esoteric, occult, recondite cause.

Mật pháp. Esoteric methods.

Mật tạng. The esoteric canon.

Mật tích. Secret or invisible track.

Mật tích lực sĩ. Vajrapàni (S). Guardian of Buddha, driving away all yaksa disturbers, a form of Indra.

Mật tông. The esoteric, mantra, Chân ngôn sect Tantrism.

Mật tự. The esoteric letter of Vairocana, or of a Buddha, a bodhisattva.

Mâu ni. Muni (S). Sage.

Mâu đà la. Mudrà (S). Seal, mystic signs.

Mê. Màyà (S). Delude, deceive, confuse, mislead; selusion, illusion, etc.

Mê đảo. Deluded, confused, to delude and upset.

Mê đồ. The way of sins; the misleading path. Lạc vào mê đồ, to be in maze.

Mê giới. Any world of illusion.

Mê hoặc. Bhrànti (S). Error, ill conduct; deluded and confused, deceived in regard to reality. To seduce; to lead astray; to beguile; to fascinate

Mê lí. Deluded in regard to the fundamental principle, i.e. ignorant of reality.

Mê lư. Meru, sumeru (S). Meru mount. Also núi Tu di.

Mê một. Deluded and sunk (in the passions).

Mê ngạn, bờ mê. The shore of delusion.

Mê ngộ. Illusion and enlightenment.

Mê ngộ bất nhị. Illusion and enlightenment fundamentally are the same.

Mê ngộ nhân quả. In the "Four Noble Truths" that of "accumulation" is caused by illusion, with suffering as effect; that of "the way" is caused by enlightenment, with extinction of suffering as effect.

Mê ngộ nhất như. Illusion and enlightenment are the two aspects of the one reality, as water and ice are the same substance.

Mê nhân chú. Incantations to delude or confuse others.

Mê sinh. All deluded beings.

Mê sự. Delusive phenomena, or affairs, deluded in regard to phenomena.

Mê tâm. A deluded mind.

Mê tân, bến mê. The ford of delusion, i.e. mortality.

Mê tín. Superstition, superstitious.

Mê tử. The deluded son who held a gold coin in his hand while starving in poverty; such is the man with Buddha-nature who fails to use it.

Mê vọng. Deluded and misled; deluding and false.

Mệnh (mạng). Jìvita (S). Life, vital, length of life, fate, decree.

Mệnh căn. Jìvitindriya (S). A root, or basis for life, or reincarnation, the nexus of Hìnayàna between two life-periods, accepted by Mahàyàna as nominal but not real.

Mệnh chung. Life's end; nearing the end.

Mệnh đạo sa môn. A sramana who makes the commandments, meditation, and knowledge his very life, as Ananda did.

Mệnh mệnh, cộng mệnh điểu. Jivajivaka, jivamjiva (S). A bird with two heads, a sweet songster.

Mệnh sống. Jìva (S). Life. Also sinh mệnh.

Mệnh trọc (trược). Turbidity or decay of the vital principle, reducing the length of life.

Mi gian bạch hào tướng. Ùrnà (S). The curl of white hair between the eyebrows of the Buddha, one of the thirty two signs of Buddhahood.

Miệt lệ xa, ác kiến xứ. Mleccha (S). Barbarians, non-Aryan, heathen, frontier tribes.

Minh. Vidyà (S). Bright, clear, enlightenment; wisdom, wise, to undrestand; knowledge. Vô minh commonly tr. "ignorance", means an unlightened condition, non perception, before the stirrings of intelligence, belief that the phenomenal is real etc. Higher knowledge, gnosis.

Minh châu. Xem Ma ni.

Minh đạo. The bright or clear way; the way of the mantras and dhàranìs.

Minh đạt. Enlightenment Minh in the case of the saint inludes knowledge of future incarnations of self and others, of the past incarnations of self and others, and that the present incarnation will end illusion. In the case of Buddha such knowledege is called Đạt thorough or perfect enlightenment.

Minh đắc (định). A samàdhi in the Bodhisattva's tứ gia hạnh in which there are the bright beginnings of release from illusion. Minh đắc Bồ tát the Bodhisattva who has reached that stage.

Minh địa. The stage of illumination, or phát quang địa the third of the ten stages thập địa.

Minh hạnh túc. Vidyà-carana-sampanna (S). Knowledge-conduct-perfect; Perfect in understanding and conduct, one of the ten epithets of Buddha.

Minh huân. The inner light, enlightenment censing and overcoming ignorance, like incense perfuming and interpenetrating.

Minh liễu. To understand thoroughly; complete enlightenment.

Minh lợi. Clear and keen (to penetrate all mystery)

Minh minh. The (powers of) light and darkness, the devas and Yama, gods and demons, also the visible and invisible.

Minh nguyệt châu. The bright-moon mani or pearl, emblem of Buddha, Buddhism, the Buddhist scriptures, purity, etc.

Minh pháp. The law or method of mantras, or magic formulae.

Minh phi. Another name for dhàranì as the queen of mystic knowledge and able to overcome all evil. Also the consort shown in the mandalas.

Minh tạng. The Buddhist canon of the Minh dynasty.

Minh tâm. The enlightened heart.

Minh thần. The bright spirits, i.e. devas, gods, demons.

Minh thoát. Enlightenment (from ignorance) and release (from desire).

Minh tín Phật trí. To believe clearly in Buddha's wisdom (as leading rebirth in the Pure Land).

Minh trí. Vedagù (P). One who has attained the highest knowledge, e.g. Buddha.

Minh tuệ. The three enlightenments tam minh, and the three wisdoms tam tuệ.

Minh vương. Vidyà-ràja (S) A deity, fierce spirits who are the messengers and manifestation of Vairocana's wrath against evil spirits.

Minh xứ. The regions or realms of study which produce wisdom, five in number.

Minh. Darkness, obscurity; deep, Hades; used chiefly in the sense of vô minh ignorance, profound, secret, invisible, e.g. opposed to hiển open, manifest.

Minh ân. Xem minh lự.

Minh báo. Occult expiation (of one's sins).

Minh chúng. The invisible powers - Brahmà, Sakra, Yama; the spirits in general.

Minh đạo. The dark way, or land of darkness, the shades, Hades, preta.

Minh đồ. Xem minh đạo.

Minh độ, thổ. Xem minh đạo.

Minh gia. The invisible aid of the spiritual powers.

Minh giới. Hades, or the three lower forms of incarnation, i.e. hell, preta, animal.

Minh hiển lưỡng giới. The two regions of the dead and the living.

Minh ích. Invisible benefit, or merit, i.e. within, spiritual.

Minh khí. Votive offerings to the dead.

Minh lự. The unfathomable thought or care of the Buddhas and bodhisattvas, beyond the realization of men.

Minh minh. Entire obscurity, pristine darkness.

Minh phủ. The palace of darkness, Hades.

Minh phúc. The happiness of the dead.

Minh sơ. The primitive dakness (at the beginning of existence).

Minh sứ. Lictors, or messengers of Hades.

Minh thông. Mysterious, supernatural, omnipresent power.

Mộc. Kàstha (S). Wood, a tree, timber.

Mộc đầu. Block-head, a stupid person, one who breaks the commandments.

Mộc để, Mộc xoa. Moksha (S). Deliverance.

Mộc ngư. The wooden fish.

Mộc xoa đề bà. Moksadeva (S). A title of Huyền Trang. Also Giải thoát thiên.

Môn. A door; gate; a sect, school, teaching.

Môn đồ. Disciple.

Môn lữ. Disciple, fellow student.

Môn phái, môn lưu, môn diệp. Vàda (S). The followers, or development of any sect.

Môn sư. Preceptor, the monk who is recognized as teacher by any family.

Môn thần. The gate gods or guardians.

Mộng. A dream, a simili of the things of the world.

Mộng ảo. Dream and illusion, chimera, the characteristics of all phenomena.

Mộng ảo bào ảnh. Chimeric and ephemeral; dream, water bubble.

Mộng tưởng. To "dream" a thing, to think ođ in a dream, to imagine.

Mộng kiến. To see in a dream, to imagine one sees, or has seen.

Mục. Caksuh. The eye, the organ of vision; the head or chief.

Mục chi lân đà. Mucalinda, mucilinda (S). A king of dragon.

Mục khư. Mukha (S). Mouth, face, entrance.

Mục kiền liên. Xem Ma ha Mục kiền liên.

Mục kiền liên tử Đế tu. Maggaliputra-Tissa (S). Name.

Mục túc. Eye and foot; knowledge and practice; eyes in the feet.

Mười điều nguyện vô tận của Bồ tát. Dasanisthàprani-dhàna (S). Ten vows of Bodhisattva.

Mười kết sử. Dasa samyojana (S). Ten fetters.

Mỹ. Madhura (S). Fine, handsome, beautiful, admirable; sweet, pleasant.

Mỹ âm. Beautiful sound, a king of the Gandharvas (Càn thát bà), Indria's musicians.

Mỹ âm thiên nữ, Diệu âm thiên. Sarasvati (S). The Muse of India, goddess of speech and learning, hence called đại biện tài thiên nữ goddess of rhetoric; she is the female energy or wife of Brahmà, and also goddess of the river Sarasvati.